Movie Notes Blazing Saddles Essay Example

Movie Notes Blazing Saddles Essay Blazing Saddles is a satirical western comedy that is considered the first of its time. It demonstrates the racism toward black people that was never found in the majority of western films. This film in my opinion doesn’t correlate with the culture during the 1970’s whatsoever. Like I said before, Blazing Saddles was the first satirical western comedic film of its time and it didn’t correlate with the average movie that was coming out on a weekly basis. Mel Brooks’s purpose of this film was for comedic reasons only; if it was going to make people laugh he was going to add it to the film. For instance, at the end of every classical western the cowboys left remaining after their grueling battle end up riding in the sunset on their horses to proceed to their next adventure. In Blazing Saddles Bart and Jim get picked up in a limousine and end up getting driven off into the sunset. Just when you think there is going to be a normal scene Mel Brooks is able to ma ke a parody out of it and get every laugh out of each and every audience member possible. How is the film relevant for you or your community? Even though this film is considered a comedy it does have an underlying theme that I believe is very positive. When Rock Ridge is appointed a new sheriff they are extremely excited, when they find out that this new sheriff is a black man they are very angry and even angry enough to send a letter to the governor to appoint a new sheriff. After Bart (who is the new black sheriff) is able to capture Mongo he starts getting more respect and thus treated better by the people of Rock Ridge. I believe the theme of these events would be as cliche as it sounds; don’t judge a book by its color. They didn’t like Bart at first just because he was a black man, but he ended up having wonderful morals and ethics and the ability to save a small town like Rock Ridge with clever antics and wit. I believe this is relevant within my community because We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Lpool Essays

Lpool Essays Lpool Essay Lpool Essay Liverpools post-Second World War decline took its toll on Toxteth. Increasing unemployment in the city, lack of government action, institutionalised racism within the police force and general poverty led to the 1981 Toxteth riots, for which the area is probably most famous. and crime Liverpools post-Second World War decline took its toll on Toxteth. Increasing unemployment in the city, lack of government action, institutionalised racism within the police force and general poverty led to the 1981 Toxteth riots, for which the area is probably most famous. Immigration to Toxteth took place from the 1950s to the present day, mostly from Africa and the Caribbean with relatively few from the Indian sub-continent. July 1981 saw the riots, in which dozens of young males caused a great deal of damage and many injuries. Poverty, unemployment, racial tension, racism from the local white population and hostility towards the police were largely blamed for the disturbances, which were among the worst scenes of unrest seen during peacetime in Britain at that time. Hundreds of people were injured, one man was killed by a police Land Rover, and countless buildings and vehicles were damaged. [4] Crime rates in Toxteth have been high for many years. As well as racial and civil unrest, vehicle crime has also blighted Toxteth. The highest-profile instance of vehicle crime in Toxteth came on 30 October 1991, when two children (nine-year-old Daniel Davies and 12-year-old Adele Thompson) were killed by a speeding Mazda sports car driven by 18-year-old joyrider Christopher Lewin on Granby Street. Adele died at the scene, and Daniel from his injuries a week later. Lewin was found guilty on a double manslaughter charge at Liverpool Crown Court on 24 September 1992 and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison, as well as being banned from driving for seven years. At the end of his trial, relatives and friends of the two victims pelted him with missiles and threatened to attack him. Five of them were ejected from the court. [5]

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The author begins the article by introducing the opinion of some researchers and scientists regarding the role of physical activity in addressing obesity, which is a growing public health problem. It is explained here that exercise does help prevent obesity marginally and that the main issue that should be focused on is ‘unhealthy eating’. The author uses expert opinion, citing the British Journal of Sports Medicine, to give credibility to the argument. Counterpoints are used to show the difference between physical activity and unhealthy eating in terms of preventing obesity. The author appeals to the logic of the reader by demonstrating that physical activity is useless in preventing obesity if one continues with an unhealthy diet; for instance, he mentions that â€Å"while activity was a key part of staving off diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and dementia, its impact on obesity was minimal† (Triggle para 3), further stating that â€Å"excess sugar and carbohydrates were key† (Triggle para 4). Such appeal to logic is successful once backed up by expert knowledge. The second part of the article talks about how experts hold the food industry, as well as commercial ads, responsible for the growing misconception about the effectiveness of exercise in preventing obesity. The author appeals to the emotion of his readers by showing how the commercial and food industry has let the people down through misleading information and images. He uses imagery, through citing some common images like ‘Big Tobacco’, ‘junk food’, and ‘sugary drinks’, in order to make the appeal stronger. The statement of Dr. Aseem Malhotra, a cardiologist from London, is somewhat expressive: â€Å"An obese person does not need to do one iota of exercise to lose weight; they just need to eat less† (Triggle para 6). This statement makes one think how greatly people are deceived into thinking that physical activity alone can curb obesity. The call for misleading ads also

Distance Selling Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Distance Selling Regulations - Essay Example Under this provision, consumers get a cooling-off period of seven working days. This paper will explore the factors associated with distance selling regulations. It will also examine how consumer electronic sales can be promoted using e-commerce techniques. The term consumer electronics got popularity in the early 20th century. It refers to all electronic devices that are beneficial for everyday use (Consumer electronics). Personal computers, television, and MP3 players are some examples of consumer electronic products. In the modern technological world, consumer electronics sales grow rapidly as people largely depend on electronic equipments in day to day life. In the opinion of analysts from the Consumer Electronics Association (as cited in McGrath, 2011), the consumer electronic sales may approach even top of $1 trillion. The increased market demand for consumer electronic products has led to the emergence of large numbers of multinational companies which deal with consumer electr onics products. At this juncture, strategic changes in production and distribution of these products have become essential so as to govern the market. According to Burnett (n.d.), it is suggestible for the consumer electronics vendors to adopt some innovative sales promotion techniques such as price deals, contests, and sweepstakes.

BUREAUCRACY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

BUREAUCRACY - Essay Example It is, however, quite ironic that modern society now use bureaucracy as a critical generalization for inefficiency and red tape (Fisher; Heady). This was not how Max Weber visualized bureaucracy. Weber became the foremost exponent of bureaucracy when it was still in its crude form where bureaucracy and rationality were inseparable. Under such intertwined aspect, the four main elements of Weber’s rational bureaucracy were distinct lines of hierarchical authority, practical specialisation, professional training of administrators or supervisors, and efficient decision making (Borgatti). Practitioners have, however, extended Weber’s ideals of bureaucracy into a social structure distinguished by the following elements : job specifications, system of supervision and subordination, unity of command, general use of written documents and records, skills and competency training, use of rules and policies and hiring of personnel and work assignment based on competence and experience (Borgatti). Beyond Weber’s iron cage, Wang compiled the following perceived dysfunctional aspects of a bureaucracy : red tape from all the rules and the signatures required to get things going, difficulty to transform from this system to another and also the tendency to segment attention and response as a result of division of labor. There were some inadequacies pinpointed on the bureaucratic system of organization. Drawn from the thoughts of Bennis and Miner, the most obvious downside of bureaucracy are summarized in the following statements: (1) Owing to the rigidity of rules and procedures and the specialisation typical of a bureaucracy, it does not promote personal growth and professional maturity; (2) Since the system is run based on the principle of â€Å"unity of command†, conformity and â€Å"group-think† are developed; (3) Its inflexible structure is not

Chemical composition of Ambrette Essential Oil

Chemical composition of Ambrette Essential Oil Chemical composition of the essential oil of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.) from subtropical region of north India Ram S. Verma*, Rajendra C. Padalia, Amit Chauhan ABSTRACT Abelmoschus moschatus (Family: Malvaceae), popularly known as ambrette or muskdana, is an important aromatic and medicinal plant of India. The plant is widely cultivated in tropical countries for their musk-scented seeds useful in perfumery and medicine. In this study, hydrodistilled ambrette seed essential oil produced in subtropical region of north India was investigated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 27 constituents, representing 90.4% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the oil were (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (58.0%), (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (12.1%), decyl acetate (4.8%), (2Z,6E)-farnesyl acetate (3.5%), (Z)-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one (2.4%), dodecyl acetate (2.4%) and (2E,6Z)-farnesol (2.0%). Ambrettolide and its homologues, responsible for the characteristic musk-like odour, constitute 15.8% of oil composition. Keywords: Abelmoschus moschatus, Malvaceae, ambrette seed, essential oil, (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate 1. Introduction Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. (syn. Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.), commonly known as ambrette, is native to India (1). It is cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, Africa and South America for their seeds. The seeds have been used as tonic, stimulant, carminative, diuretic, demulcent, and for stomachic property (2). The essential oil obtained by steam-distillation of ambrette seeds is a valuable material known for a rich, sweet, floral-musky, distinctly wine-like or brandy-like odor, which finds application in flavour and fragrance formulations (3). Moreover, the seed essential oil is used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antispasmodic drug. It is indicated against cramps and bowel disorders and also useful in the itching caused by insect bites. The leaves and the fruits of the plant are consumed in soups and the seeds are used as a spice (4). In addition to this, A. moschatus shows good antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities (5). The plant has been classified as â€Å"an herb of undefined safety† by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the extracts are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for their use in baked foods, candies, and alcoholic beverages (6). The chemical composition of essential oil and extracts of ambrette seed have been reported from different countries (7-16). The ambrette seed oil has a much smoother odor than synthetic musk compounds, and the major compounds responsible for the characteristic musky odor include ambrettolide: (Z)-7-hexadecen-16-olide and (Z)-5-tetradecen-14-olide (17). Despite a long history of uses in traditional medicines and in perfumery, information on A. moschatus from subtropical region of India is meager. Therefore, in this study, volatile oil composition of the ambrette seed grown in north India (subtropical condition) has been investigated. 2. Experimental 2.1. Plant material and isolation of essential oil The ambrette seeds were collected from experimental field of CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) in the month of December (2009–2011). The experimental site is located between coordinates 29.02 °N, 79.31 °E and an altitude of 243 m in foothills of north India. Isolation of the essential oil from ambrette seeds was carried out by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger’s type apparatus for 5 hours. Isolated oil was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and stored at 4 °C until further analyses. 2.2. GC and GC-MS analyses GC analysis of the essential oil was carried out on a Nucon gas chromatograph model 5765 equipped with DB-5 capillary column (30 m Ãâ€" 0.25 mm internal diameter, film thickness 0.25  µm) and flame ionization detector (FID). The oven column temperature ranged from 60–230  °C, programmed at 3  °C/min, using H2 as carrier gas at 1.0 mL/min, a split ratio of 1:35, an injection size of 0.03  µL neat, and injector and detector temperatures were 220  °C and 230  °C, respectively for Nucon gas chromatograph model 5765. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil sample was carried out on a Clarus 680 GC interfaced with a Clarus SQ 8C mass spectrometer of PerkinElmer fitted with Elite-5 MS fused-silica capillary column (30 m Ãâ€" 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25  µm). The oven temperature program was from 60–240  °C, at 3  °C/min, and programmed to 270  °C at 5  °C /min; injector temperature was 250  °C; transfer line and source temperatures were 220  °C; i njection size 0.03  µL neat; split ratio 1:50; carrier gas He at 1.0 mL/min; ionization energy 70 eV; mass scan range 40-450 amu. Characterization was achieved on the basis of retention index (RI, determined using a homologous series of n-alkanes, C8-C30 hydrocarbons), mass spectra library search (NIST/EPA/NIH version 2.1 and Wiley registry of mass spectral data 7th edition) and by comparing the observed RI and mass spectral data with the literature (18,19). The relative amounts of individual components were calculated based on the relative % peak areas (FID response), without using a correction factor. 2.3. Statistical analysis To compare of the examined essential oil composition of ambrette seed from subtropics with the reported compositions from other regions, seven samples (1: present study and 2-7: other regions) (8,9,11,13,14) were treated as operational taxonomic units. The percentage of nine major components, representing composition up to 82.8-89.0% of ambrette essential oil (decyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (E)-ÃŽ ²-farnesene, (Z)-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one, (2Z,6E)-farnesyl acetate, (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate, (2E,6E)-farnesol, (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one, and (E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesyl acetate) were used to determine the chemical relationship among the different essential oil samples by hierarchical cluster analysis using the average method (20). This software computes the hierarchical clustering of a multivariate dataset based on dissimilarities. The derived dendrogram depicts the grouping of chemical compositions as per their chemical constituents. 3. Results and discussion The essential oil yield and chemical composition of ambrette seeds observed in subtropics, north India is presented in Table 1. The seeds gave 0.12  ± 0.01% (v/w) of essential oil on hydrodistillation. However, essential oil yield was 0.15–0.20% in ambrette seeds under eastern Indian conditions (12). The resulting essential oil was analysed using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Altogether, 27 constituents, representing 90.4% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the oil were (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (58.0%), (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (12.1%), decyl acetate (4.8%), (2Z,6E)-farnesyl acetate (3.5%), (Z)-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one (2.4%), dodecyl acetate (2.4%), (2E,6Z)-farnesol (2.0%), (Z)-oxacyclononadec-10-en-2-one (1.3%) and (E)-nerolidol (0.7%). The essential oil composition of ambrette seed has been investigated earlier from different countries and mainly five types of compositions are described. Garnero and Buil (1978) identified (2E,6E)-farnesol (39.0%) and (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (35.4%) as the major constituents of ambrette seed oil (13). Dung et al (1999) reported two different compositions, viz. (E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesyl acetate (67.3%) type, and (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (35.5%) and (E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesyl acetate (32.9%) type for ambrette seed oil from Vietnamese (14). However, ambrette seed oils from Ecuador and China are reported to have (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (59.1% and 64.22%) and (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (7.8% and 14.9%) as major constituents (8,9). According to an earlier study from Odisha (eastern India), the main constituents of ambrette seed oil were (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (47.6%), (E)-ÃŽ ²-farnesene (9.6%) and (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (9.0%) (11). Moreover, to compare the examined essential oil com position with earlier reported compositions, the contents (%) of nine major components of different oils were subjected to the hierarchical cluster analysis. The derived dendrogram clearly demonstrate dissimilarity based on the percentages of the constituents present among the different compositions (Figure 1). Thus, composition of the examined oil from subtropical northern India was closer to the oil composition reported from Ecuador (8). However, it was rather different from China (9) and eastern Indian (11) ambrette seed oils due to the content (%) of other constituents, viz. (E)-ÃŽ ²-farnesene and decyl acetate. 4. Conclusions In conclusions, the chemical composition of ambrette seed oil produced in subtropics was rich in (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (58.0%), and ambrettolide and its homologues (15.8%). The ambrette seed oil has a promising value for fragrance and fixative purposes. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that ambrette can also produced good quality essential oil in the subtropical conditions of north India. Acknowledgements Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi is thankfully acknowledged for the financial support to carrying out the work (Project: BSC0203). Authors are also thankful to the Director, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for encouragement and the Central Chemical Facility (CSIR-CIMAP) for providing facility for GC and GC/MS analyses. References Anonymous, The wealth of India: Raw materials; National Institute of Science Communication, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research: New Delhi, Vol. 5, pp 75-77 (1959). R. Sharma and A. Shahzad, Thidiazuran (TDZ) induced regeneration from cotyledonary node explant of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. L. (A valuable medicinal plant). World J. Agric. Sci., 4(4), 449-452 (2008). S. Arctander, Perfume and flavor materials of natural origin; Arctander: Elizabeth, NJ, pp 58-60 (1960). De La Ripelle, H. F. (2006). Les hiscus, tradition et modernite. Phytotherapie, 3,136–144. M.Z. Gul, L.M. Bhakshu, F. Ahmad, A.K. Kondapi, I.A. Qureshi and I.A. Ghazi, Evaluation of Abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11(64), 1-12 (2011). J.A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida (1985). J.P. Buil, R. Laurent, J.P. Fournol, D. Joulain and P.Y. Hardy, Composition chimique de lhuile essentielle de graine dambrette. Parfums Cosmetiques Aromes, 10, 95-96 (1989). L. Cravo, F. Perineau, A. Gaset and J.M. Bessiere, Study of the chemical composition of the essential oil, oleoresin and its volatile product obtained from Ambrette (A. moschatus Moench) Seeds. Flav. Fragr. J., 7, 65-67 (1992). Y.J. Tang, T.S. Zhou, J.K. Ding and H.D. Sun, The chemical constituents of the essential oil from Ambrette seeds. Acta Bot. Yunnan, 12(1), 113-114 (1990). D.K. Mishra and S.N. Naik, Cultivation and processing of Abelmoschus moschatus. J. Med. Arom. Plant Sci., 22, 624-628 (2000). P.K. Rout, Y.R. Rao, K.S. Jena, D. Sahoo and B.C. Mishra, Extraction and composition of essential oil of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus) seeds. J. Essent. Oil Res., 16, 35-37 (2004). P. K. Rout, K. C. Barik, K. S. Jena, D.Sahoo, and Y. R. Rao. 2002. A novel process for the extraction of fragrance components from ambrette (Hibiscus abelmoschus L.) seeds. Organic Process Research Development 2002, 6, 401-404. J. Garnero and P. Buil, Contribution a letude de la composition cbimique de lbuile essentielle concrete de graines d ambrette. Rivista Ital. EPPOS, 60, 606-612 (1978). N.X. Dung, P.V. Khien, D.D. Nhuan, T.M. Hoi, N.K. Ban, P.A. Leclercq, A. Muselli, A. Bighelli and J. Casanova, Composition of the seed oil of Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (Malvaceae) growing in Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Res., 11(4), 447-452 (1999). T. Bernard, F. Perineau, R. Bravo, M. Delmas and A. Gaset, Extraction des builes essentielles Etude de faisabilite conduite sur l’ambrette. Parfums. Cosmet. Aromes, 84, 77-84 (1988). Molfetta I, Ceccarini L, Macchia M, Flamini G, Cioni PL. 2013. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. and Abelmoschus moschatus Medik: Seeds production and analysis of the volatile compounds. Food Chemistry 141, 34–40. B. Maurer and A. Grieder, (Z)-5-tetradecen-14-olide, a new macrocyclic lactone, and two unsaturated straight chain acetates from ambrette seed absolute. Helv. Chim. Acta, 60, 1155-1160 (1977). R.P. Adams, Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography /mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corp., Carol Stream, Illinois, USA (2007). http://www.pherobase.com/database/kovats/kovats-detail-Z5-12Ac.php Wessa, P. (2013). Hierarchical clustering (v1.0.3) in free statistics software (v1.1.23-r7), office for research development and education. URL: http://www.wessa.net/ Table 1: Chemical composition of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.) seed essential oil from north India S. no. Compounda RIb RIc Content (%)d S. no. Compounda RIb RIc Content (%)d 1 ÃŽ ±-Pinene 933 932 0.1  ± 0.09 15 Decyl propanoate 1502 1501 0.2  ± 0.06 2 ÃŽ ²-Pinene 972 974 t 16 (E)-Nerolidol 1560 1562 0.7  ± 0.06 3 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 978 981 0.1  ± 0.04 17 (Z)-5-Dodecenyl acetate 1588 1592* 0.5  ± 0.06 4 ÃŽ ±-Terpinene 1014 1014 t 18 Dodecyl acetate 1609 1607 2.4  ± 0.25 5 p-Cymene 1022 1020 0.2  ± 0.25 19 (2Z,6Z)-Farnesol 1696 1698 0.1  ± 0.00 6 Limonene 1026 1024 0.2  ± 0.16 20 (2E,6Z)-Farnesol 1713 1714 2.0  ± 0.93 7 1,8-Cineole 1028 1026 0.2  ± 0.21 21 (Z)-Oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one†  1719 2.4  ± 2.43 8 Linalool 1100 1095 0.4  ± 0.46 22 (2Z,6E)-Farnesyl acetate 1822 1821 3.5  ± 1.15 9 Camphor 1146 1141 t 23 (2E,6E)-Farnesyl acetate 1850 1845 58.0  ± 3.13 10 n-Decanol 1270 1266 0.3  ± 0.35 24 (2E,6E)-Farnesyl propanoate 1919 0.4  ± 0.17 11 Undecanal 1304 1305 t 25 (Z)-Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one † Ã¢â‚¬   1928 1929 12.1  ± 4.88 12 Decyl acetate 1407 1407 4.8  ± 0.90 26 (Z)-Oxacyclononadec-10-en-2-one 2128 1.3  ± 0.79 13 (E)-ÃŽ ²-Farnesene 1458 1454 0.2  ± 0.33 27 Linoleic acid 2129 2132 t 14 10-Undecenol acetate 1499 1498 0.1  ± 0.10 Total identified (%) 90.4  ± 6.25 aMode of identification: retention index (RI), mass spectral data (GC–MS); RIb: Experimental Retention Index (relative to n-alkane); RIc: Retention Index from literature (18); dMean ( ± standard deviation) of three samples; † also known as (Z)-5-tetradecen-14-olide; † Ã¢â‚¬  also known as (Z)-7-hexadecen-16-olide (= musk ambrette); *KI: Kovat Index (19). Figure 1: Hierarchical cluster analysis of the essential oil compositions of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.) seed. 1: present study [(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (58.0%), (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (12.1%)]; 2: [(2E,6E)-farnesol (39.0%), (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (35.4%)] (Garnero and Buil, 1978); 3: China [(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (64.22%), (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (14.96%)] (Tang et al., 1990); 4: Ecuador [(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (59.1%), (Z)-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (7.8%)] (Cravo et al., 1992); 5: Vietnam [(E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesyl acetate (67.3%), (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (14.9%)] (Dung et al., 1999); 6: Vietnam [(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (35.5%), (E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesyl acetate (32.9%)] (Dung et al., 1999); 7: Eastern India [(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (47.6%), (E)-ÃŽ ²-farnesene (9.6%)] (Rout et al., 2004). 1

Computers In Modern Life Essay

Cause / Effect Essay Many phenomena, events, situations and trends can be better understood by describing their causes and effects. The cause and effect essay explains what happens and why it happens. Cause / Effect Essay Specific Vocabulary Obesity is a cause of / a reason for premature death. Media coverage affects / influences voting patterns. Media coverage leads to / gives rise to / brings about changes in voting patterns. Voting patterns are affected / are influenced by media coverage. Stress causes / produces / results in low exam scores. Low exam scores are caused by / are produced by / result from stress. Low exam scores are a consequence of / are a result of / are due to / the effect of stress. When / If there is constant economic instability, currency crashes occur. As a result of / As a consequence of constant economic instability, currency crashes occur. There is constant economic instability. As a result, / As a consequence, / Consequently, / Thus, / Therefore, / Hence, / For this reason, currency crashes occur. Because / Since / As some areas face extreme weather conditions, there is damage to property. Owing to / On account of / Because of / Due to the fact that some areas face extreme weather conditions, there is damage to property. Owing to / On account of / Because of / Due to extreme weather conditions, there is damage to property. Owing to / On account of / Because of / Due to extreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs. Cause / Effect Essay Structure While writing a cause / effect essay, the order of the main points given in the thesis statement is followed in body paragraphs. The following example is an outline for a cause essay about the reasons for cities becoming overcrowded. Thesis statement: There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded; one economic, the other socio-cultural. 1st body: economic reasons 1. cities are engines of development. 2nd body: socio-cultural reasons 1. education 2. urbanization The following example is an outline for an effect essay about the effects of the computer on life. Thesis statement: The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. 1st body: economic effects 1. computers in business 2. computers and national economies 2nd body: effects on communication 1. e-mail 2. globalization The sample shows essay organization Why are Cities Becoming Overcrowded? General Statements The fact that the world’s cities are getting more and more crowded is well-known. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered ‘mega-cities’, because of their enormous size and huge populations. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded; one economic, the other socio-cultural. First, the primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the economic centres of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan’s rapid economic development in the 1960’s and 70’s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo because they could find employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families there. Second, another factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons. The  better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts thousands of students every year, and these students stay on and work in the city after they graduate. Moreover, young people will move to the city as the villages and rural areas are more custom and tradition oriented. Therefore, young people believe this is an obstacle to their personal freedom. Thesis Statement Topic Sentence Topic Sentence Concluding Sentence In conclusion, economic and cultural factors are the major causes of huge urban population. People will always move to the areas which provide opportunity and to the places which can give them the freedom they desire. Final Thought The sample shows essay connectors Why are Cities Becoming Overcrowded? The fact that the world’s cities are getting more and more crowded is well-known. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered ‘mega-cities’, because of their enormous size and huge populations. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded; one economic, the other socio-cultural. First, the primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the economic centres of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan’s rapid economic development in the 1960’s and 70’s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo because they could  find employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families there. Second, another factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons. The better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts thousands of students every year, and these students stay on and work in the city after they graduate. Moreover, young people will move to the city as the villages and rural areas are more custom and tradition oriented. Therefore, young people believe this is an obstacle to their personal freedom. In conclusion, economic and cultural factors are the major causes of huge urban population. People will always move to the areas which provide opportunity and to the places which can give them the freedom they desire. The sample shows essay specific vocabulary Why are Cities Becoming Overcrowded? The fact that the world’s cities are getting more and more crowded is well-known. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered ‘mega-cities’, because of their enormous size and huge populations. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded; one economic, the other socio-cultural. First, the primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the economic centres of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan’s rapid economic development in the 1960’s and 70’s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo because they could find employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families there. Second, another factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the soc io-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons. The better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts thousands of students every year, and these students stay on and work in the city after they graduate. Moreover, young people will move to the city as the villages and rural areas are more custom and tradition oriented.  Therefore, young people believe this is an obstacle to their personal freedom. In conclusion, economic and cultural factors are the major causes of huge urban population. People will always move to the areas which provide opportunity and to the places which can give them the freedom they desire. The sample shows essay organization What effects has the computer had on our lives? The twenty-first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. The computer has led to immense changes in economic and business life. First, businesses now have to be computerised or they risk failure. Every big corporation bases its operations on computing, regardless of which sector they are in. For example, Coca-Cola, the BBC and Levi’s market and sell different products and services, yet they all share one basic property – without computers their operations would collapse. Second, computing is an economic dynamo. Japan, China, India and many other countries have large IT sectors which drive their economies upwards. Furthermore, the developed world is moving from an industrial-based economy to a computer and IT-based one. It is not just in business that computers have affected us so profoundly; communication has been revolutionised totally. Firstly, whereas before, people wrote letters, which would often take weeks to reach their destinations, or speak on the phone, which was terribly expensive, now they e-mail. For instance, instead of waiting weeks for a letter now, we can read it instantly, seconds after it’s been written. Secondly, many people use computers to communicate with people all around the world using chat rooms and chat programs, this was impossible before the computer became widespread. As a result, now people who live thousands of kilometres away from each other can communicate as much as they want and whenever they want using e-mail and/or chat rooms. Concluding Sentenc e Topic Sentence General Statements Thesis Statement Topic Sentence In conclusion, computers have had a profound effect on our lives in many ways and it is in business and communication that they have had the greatest influence. In the future, if the computer continues evolving at such speed, our business practices and methods of communication will undergo even more radical changes. Final Thought The sample shows essay connectors What effects has the computer had on our lives? The twenty-first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. The computer has led to immense changes in economic and business life. First, businesses now have to be computerised or they risk failure. Every big corporation bases its operations on computing, regardless of which sector they are in. For example, Coca-Cola, the BBC and Levi’s market and sell different products and services, yet they all share one basic property – without computers their operations would collapse. Second, computing is an economic dynamo. Japan, China, India and many other countries have large IT sectors which drive their economies upwards. Furthermore, the developed world is moving from an industrial-based economy to a computer and IT-based one. It is not just in business that computers have affected us so profoundly; communication has been  revolutionised totally. Firstly, whereas before, people wrote letters, which would often take weeks to reach their destinations, or speak on the phone, which was terribly expensive, now they e-mail. For instance, instead of waiting weeks for a letter now, we can read it instantly, seconds after it’s been written. Secondly, many people use computers to communicate with people all around the world using chat rooms and chat programs, this was impossible before the computer became widespread. As a result, now people who live thousands of kilometres away from each other can communicate as much as they want and whenever they want using e-mail and/or chat rooms. In conclusion, computers have had a profound effect on our lives in many ways and it is in business and communication that they have had the greatest influence. In the future, if the computer continues evolving at such speed, our business practices and methods of communication will undergo even more radical changes. The sample shows essay specific vocabulary What effects has the computer had on our lives? The twenty-first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. The computer has led to immense changes in economic and business life. First, businesses now have to be computerised or they risk failure. Every big corporation bases its operations on computing, regardless of which sector they are in. For example, Coca-Cola, the BBC and Levi’s market and sell different products and services, yet they all share one basic property – without computers their operations would collapse. Second, computing is an economic dynamo. Japan, China, India and many other countries have large IT sectors which drive their economies upwards. Furthermore, the developed world is moving from an industrial-based economy to a computer and IT-based one. It is not just in business that computers have affected us so profoundly; communication has been  revolutionised totally. Firstly, whereas before, people wrote letters, which would often take weeks to reach their destinations, or speak on the phone, which was terribly expensive, now they e-mail. For instance, instead of waiting weeks for a letter now, we can read it instantly, seconds after it’s been written. Secondly, many people use computers to communicate with people all around the world using chat rooms and chat programs, this was impossible before the computer became widespread. As a result, now people who live thousands of kilometres away from each other can communicate as much as they want and whenever they want using e-mail and/or chat rooms. In conclusion, computers have had a profound effect on our lives in many ways and it is in business and communication that they have had the greatest influence. In the future, if the computer continues evolving at such speed, our business practices and methods of communication will undergo even more radical changes.

River Valley Civilizations

Approximately 5000 years ago the first complex, politically centralized civilizations began to form independently along numerous river valleys throughout parts of Asia and Africa. These civilizations were the building blocks for organization of human economic, political, religious, and social practices. Although the cultures of both Ancient Egypt and Shang China River Valley Civilizations share geographic, religious, and political similarities, the cultures are vastly different when social characteristics and economic trade are taken into consideration. Both Ancient Egypt and Shang China both developed closely to major rivers. The Ancient Egyptian River Valley Civilization was located along the Nile River which helped to provide a reliable source of water for farming. The Nile River current runs north-allowing movement along the river, and the winds blow from the north allowing sailing vessels to travel against the current. It was easy to travel and interact along the Nile. When the Nile would flood, it would naturally fertilize the surround soil with nutrient deposits that gathered within the river. The same thing would occur with the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers, which were located near the Shang China civilization. This is why both civilizations flourished when it came to crop production. Near the Yangzi River, however, people had to work harder at flood control and irrigation. It is said that perhaps this stimulated a greater effort at organization. Both Ancient Egypt and Shang China were both ruled by kings, too. In Ancient Egypt, they believed that the pharaoh had all the power and influence over his people. He was considered to be divine, stood above the priests, and was the only individual who had direct contact with the gods. This is similar to how the emperor was looked at in Shang China, where he was seen as a chief priest, and he had an administrative bureaucracy, with councilors, lesser priests and diviners. Emperors and aristocrats had splendid homes with walls of pounded earth or earthen bricks while common people continued to live in their pit homes of earlier times much like how the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were built high class pyramid tombs after they became diseased. In both civilizations, the king figure was highly important and very much valued. They were often showered with gifts. However, unlike Ancient Egypt, women had no rights in Shang China. Women held many of the same rights as the men in Egypt. Women were allowed to own their own land and to share equal property with their husband once they married. On the other hand, in Shang China, the oldest member of the family controlled the family’s property and made the important decisions. Women were inferior expected to obey fathers, husbands and then later their sons. Each women may have had between 13 and 16 marriages arranged marriages without any ability to protest it, and only by bearing sons could she improve her status. Shang China used items such as wheat, mullet, and silk, for trade, where metals were more common for trade in Ancient Egypt. The Silk Road was used to open trade between Ancient China and Rome. People in China were the first to master the development of silk and they did so by raising silk worms and then collecting the silky web that they formed. They then weaved the web together to form a more substantial material. Wheat and mullet were also common edible items used for trade in Shang China because they had suitable temperate weather along with forested land. Using metals in trade was important for Ancient Egyptians because it was plentiful and could be made into an assortment of items from weapons to tools. Egyptians did not harvest the same type of grains as those in Shang China because they had too much of a dry climate that did not allow crops such as those to thrive.

Free Essays on Essay on Grades

In the essay, â€Å"A Young Person’s Guide to the Grading System,† Jerry Farber argues his points of view about the effectiveness of giving grades. Farber, first, begins with discussing how grades reflect the gaining of knowledge.. He starts with stating the obvious, â€Å"Academic success, as everyone knows, is something that we measure not in knowledge but in grade points† (333). Just because someone received an â€Å"A† in a class does not necessarily mean that they are anymore knowledgeable on that subject than someone who failed. Much too often, grades are given for accomplishments that really have no relevance to what a person has actually learned on a subject. For instance, my health teacher graded us on the organization of our notebooks and, as a result, I received â€Å"A’s† for it. However, I couldn’t tell someone what foods contain what vitamins and what those vitamins do for the human body. Furthermore, I have received good grades for my attendance and my ability to keep a calendar and at the same time I scored poorly on tests proving that I knew little of the subject. I see many of the grades I’ve earned as pointless and having no reflection on what knowledge I have actually gained. At the same time, cheating can get a person an â€Å"A† without them even having to know the material. Whether it is copying a friend’s homework assignment or looking over at a neighbor’s test, as long as it is done correctly, that person will receive an â€Å"A† and, consequently, be noted as knowing the material. Nonetheless, there are many instances where people get by with decent grades and have actually retained very little of what the instructor taught.... Free Essays on Essay on Grades Free Essays on Essay on Grades In the essay, â€Å"A Young Person’s Guide to the Grading System,† Jerry Farber argues his points of view about the effectiveness of giving grades. Farber, first, begins with discussing how grades reflect the gaining of knowledge.. He starts with stating the obvious, â€Å"Academic success, as everyone knows, is something that we measure not in knowledge but in grade points† (333). Just because someone received an â€Å"A† in a class does not necessarily mean that they are anymore knowledgeable on that subject than someone who failed. Much too often, grades are given for accomplishments that really have no relevance to what a person has actually learned on a subject. For instance, my health teacher graded us on the organization of our notebooks and, as a result, I received â€Å"A’s† for it. However, I couldn’t tell someone what foods contain what vitamins and what those vitamins do for the human body. Furthermore, I have received good grades for my attendance and my ability to keep a calendar and at the same time I scored poorly on tests proving that I knew little of the subject. I see many of the grades I’ve earned as pointless and having no reflection on what knowledge I have actually gained. At the same time, cheating can get a person an â€Å"A† without them even having to know the material. Whether it is copying a friend’s homework assignment or looking over at a neighbor’s test, as long as it is done correctly, that person will receive an â€Å"A† and, consequently, be noted as knowing the material. Nonetheless, there are many instances where people get by with decent grades and have actually retained very little of what the instructor taught....

Cutlure and Perception essays

Cutlure and Perception essays Culture and Perception Culturally determined beliefs are the main influence on how we behave and relate to our environment and how we relate to different environments. Participating in developing a society that protects my group values taught me that there are many different societies and cultural beliefs. The experiment on creating your own society and cultural beliefs came from thoughts of many cultural beliefs in each group. Many took the ideas that they liked in their society and added the ideas that they liked from other societies. If I had known the different cultures of the people in my group it would have been easier to create a society for all. Part of communicating with each other was a series of agreeing and disagreeing. Debating what would be the best society was difficult with so many different beliefs. We all have different ways of living in our own society. Discussing all the beliefs brought us to the perfect society that we all agreed on. Traveling with the people of my group would depend on each of their cultural beliefs. If I were to go somewhere not of my beliefs I would take someone with these beliefs to show me the way of living in the society. Keeping an open mind of the different cultural beliefs I would try my best not to show any disrespect to the culture in their society. My goal in visiting another society would be to blend in not showing I am from another society. Being a successful traveler in the real world would consist of thorough studying of the cultures language and beliefs. I am obligated to know that I am in a different culture with different beliefs. My options would vary through the lifestyles of the different culture. I would obligate educating myself more about the culture. Specific dominant U.S. cultural patterns were evident in each of the culture societies. Creating all equal was one of the patterns in the societies. A peaceful...

Finance 426 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance 426 - Assignment Example However, the value of the dollar in the future could increase if expanded MCI output substitutes for telecom imports. 3. Korean Airline buys five Boeing 747s. As part of the deal, Boeing arranges a loan to KAL for the purchase amount from the U.S. Export-Import Bank. The loan is to be paid back over the next seven years with a two-year grace period. 4. In accordance with the following circumstances, say whether the value of the dollar will appreciate, depreciate or remain the same relative to the Yen by explaining each answer. Suppose the exchange rates are free to vary and that other factors are held constant. Answer: considering the above scenario the rate of wages is comparatively high in U.S from Japan whereas the level of productivity is also low compared with Japan which makes it less attractive for investment purposes. It is considered that a country with a weak economy will have a low value currency so dollar will

World after the Zombie Apocalypse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

World after the Zombie Apocalypse - Essay Example Different preparedness strategies were communicated to countries through the internet, novels, films, scientific advice, and religion advices (Zombie Apocalypse). People had different perceptions about the zombie apocalypse. Some believed this would happen, and therefore took the advice seriously, however others thought of it as a prank, and did not take any precautions. Things greatly changed when this became a reality. The zombies invasion came, and humans were devastated. Despite the human underestimation of the zombies, terming them as weak and defenceless, the high-tech defence systems of humans did not count during the zombie apocalypse (Zombieland). Today, the effects of this deadly zombie apocalypse remain. Presently, the year 2130 bears a wretched and pathetic United States of America, which is characterised by famine, poor governance, poor sanitation, poor economy, and poor international relations. Survivors of this zombie apocalypse in the United States of America are countable. These regard themselves lucky to have survived such a torturous experience. However, it will be difficult for them to adapt to the life they were used to before. All America reads misery. Clouds of death fill the American skies. Sadness covers the faces of the survivors. It is a devastating, miserable life.